By the time your over-current protection operates, into a short, ~200mA (?) the mosfet is sinking ~80W. You could try a device capable of dissipating that, maybe a 250W device with a monster fan cooled heat-sink, but it is then rather over-engineered
Better to go for a 'fold-back current limit' - in this case the current limit goes DOWN as the output voltage goes DOWN so limiting the max power in the series mosfet. Plenty of ideas on the web !
In reality you don't need a PSU like this to supply 100mA at 1volt so it would still be usable.
dc