Re: How to identify an unknown transformer.
You would need to assess winding DCRs for the maximim currents levels, based on power dissipation. Assess turns ratios of the windings. Use a variac to plot magnetising current of the likely primary windings. See if winding layout is visible, as primaries are typically wound nearest core for a PT. A capacitance meter can sometimes provide supporting evidence of winding layout.
If you have no clue about original application, or frequency, you may be able to deduce a 120 versus 240 primary, but all information should be collated.
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